Location: Friel, 1995 @ 6710418d9964 / friel_1995.cellml

Author:
Dougal Cowan <devnull@localhost>
Date:
2011-05-17 15:00:35+12:00
Desc:
removed erroneous reasons for model failure.
Permanent Source URI:
https://models.fieldml.org/workspace/558/rawfile/6710418d99646825e07802da319dca80b701f9f2/friel_1995.cellml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!--  FILE :  friel_model_1995.xml

CREATED :  2nd April 2002

LAST MODIFIED : 9th April 2003

AUTHOR :  Catherine Lloyd
          Bioengineering Institute
          The University of Auckland
          
MODEL STATUS :  This model conforms to the CellML 1.0 Specification released on
10th August 2001, and the 16/1/02 CellML Metadata 1.0 Specification.

DESCRIPTION :  This file contains a CellML description of D.D. Friel's 1995 model of Ca2+ oscillations in sympathetic neurons.

CHANGES:  
  22/07/2002 - CML - Added more metadata.   
  09/04/2003 - AAC - Added publication date information.  
--><model xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" cmeta:id="friel_1995" name="friel_1995">
<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
<article>
<articleinfo>
  <title>[Ca2+]i oscillations in sympathetic neurons: an experimental test of a theoretical model</title>
  <author>
    <firstname>Catherine</firstname>
          <surname>Lloyd</surname>
    <affiliation>
      <shortaffil>Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland</shortaffil>
    </affiliation>
  </author>
</articleinfo>
  <section id="sec_status">
    <title>Model Status</title>
    <para>
        This CellML model runs in OpenCell and COR but unfortuntately does not recreate the published figures. The CellML model does not spontaneously oscillate.
    </para>
  </section>
  <sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>

<para>
ABSTRACT: [Ca2+]i oscillations have been described in a variety of cells. This study focuses on caffeine-induced [Ca2+]i oscillations in sympathetic neurons. Previous work has shown that these oscillations require Ca2+ entry from the extracellular medium and Ca(2+)-induced Ca2+ release from a caffeine- and ryanodine-sensitive store. The aim of the study was to understand the mechanism responsible for the oscillations. As a starting point, [Ca2+]i relaxations were examined after membrane depolarization and exposure to caffeine. For both stimuli, post-stimulus relaxations could be described by the sum of two decaying exponential functions, consistent with a one-pool system in which Ca2+ transport between compartments is regulated by linear Ca2+ pumps and leaks. After modifying the store to include a [Ca2+]i-sensitive leak, the model also exhibits oscillations such as those observed experimentally. The model was tested by comparing measured and predicted net Ca2+ fluxes during the oscillatory cycle. Three independent fluxes were measured, describing the rates of 1) Ca2+ entry across the plasma membrane, 2) Ca2+ release by the internal store, and 3) Ca2+ extrusion across the plasma membrane and uptake by the internal store. Starting with estimates of the model parameters deduced from post-stimulus relaxations and the rapid upstroke, a set of parameter values was found that provides a good description of [Ca2+]i throughout the oscillatory cycle. With the same parameter values, there was also good agreement between the measured and simulated net fluxes. Thus, a one-pool model with a single [Ca2+]i-sensitive Ca2+ permeability is adequate to account for many of the quantitative properties of steady-state [Ca2+]i oscillations in sympathetic neurons. Inactivation of the intracellular Ca2+ permeability, cooperative nonlinear Ca2+ uptake and extrusion mechanisms, and functional links between plasma membrane Ca2+ transport and the internal store are not required.
</para>

<para>
The original paper reference is cited below:
</para>

<para>
[Ca2+]i oscillations in sympathetic neurons: an experimental test of a theoretical model, David D. Friel, 1995, <emphasis>Biophysical Journal</emphasis>, 68, 1752-1766.  <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7612818">PubMed ID: 7612818</ulink>
</para>


<informalfigure float="0" id="fig_cell_diagram">
<mediaobject>
  <imageobject>
    <objectinfo>
      <title>cell schematic for the model</title>
    </objectinfo>
    <imagedata fileref="friel_1995.png"/>
  </imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>Schematic of the model indicating Ca<superscript>2+</superscript> compartmentalization in the extracellular matrix, cytosol and the mitochondrial matrix and pathways for Ca<superscript>2+</superscript> ion movement between the compartments.</caption>
</informalfigure>

</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
  
  
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                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="second"> 0 </cn>
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			  <apply>
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  <component name="cytosolic_calcium">
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    <variable initial_value="1000000.0" name="Ca_o" public_interface="out" units="nanomolar"/>
    <variable name="Ca_i_ss" public_interface="out" units="nanomolar"/>
    <variable initial_value="0.24" name="gamma" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
    
    <variable name="kappa_L1" public_interface="in" units="per_second"/>
	<variable name="kappa_P1" public_interface="in" units="per_second"/>
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	<variable name="kappa_P2" public_interface="in" units="per_second"/>
    <variable name="Ca_s" public_interface="in" units="nanomolar"/>
    <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
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      <apply id="Ca_i_ss_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> Ca_i_ss </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <ci> Ca_o </ci>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
			<apply>
              <divide/>
              <ci> kappa_P1 </ci>
              <ci> kappa_L1 </ci>
			</apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="subspace_calcium">
    <variable initial_value="10.0" name="Ca_s" public_interface="out" units="nanomolar"/>
    <variable name="Ca_s_ss" public_interface="out" units="nanomolar"/>
    
	<variable name="Ca_i" public_interface="in" units="nanomolar"/>
    <variable name="Ca_i_ss" public_interface="in" units="nanomolar"/>
    <variable name="kappa_L2" public_interface="in" units="per_second"/>
    <variable name="kappa_P2" public_interface="in" units="per_second"/>
    <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="Ca_s_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
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          </bvar>
          <ci> Ca_s </ci>
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            <times/>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <ci> kappa_L2 </ci>
              <ci> kappa_P2 </ci>
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            <times/>
            <ci> kappa_L2 </ci>
            <ci> Ca_s </ci>
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        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="Ca_s_ss_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> Ca_s_ss </ci>
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          <times/>
          <ci> Ca_i_ss </ci>
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              <divide/>
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              <ci> kappa_L2 </ci>
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    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
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  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="cytosolic_calcium" component_2="environment"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
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    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
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    <map_components component_1="cytosolic_calcium" component_2="rate_constants"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="kappa_L1" variable_2="kappa_L1"/>
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	<map_variables variable_1="kappa_P2" variable_2="kappa_P2"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Ca_i" variable_2="Ca_i"/>
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  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="subspace_calcium" component_2="rate_constants"/>
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	<map_variables variable_1="kappa_P2" variable_2="kappa_P2"/>
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  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="cytosolic_calcium" component_2="subspace_calcium"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Ca_i" variable_2="Ca_i"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Ca_i_ss" variable_2="Ca_i_ss"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Ca_s" variable_2="Ca_s"/>
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<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#364d5d63-5b8f-4d5b-b27d-874df4234b04"><creator xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#67948363-0da2-4b6d-9fcc-0d233741ddd2"/></creator><title xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xml:lang="en">
            [Ca2+]i oscillations in sympathetic neurons: an experimental test of a theoretical model
          </title><issued xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#1b72924c-01df-4725-b754-69fa4f3496d8"/></issued><Journal xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#d0e39266-dde4-4a8a-81c5-66d11b4e003e"/></Journal><first_page xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xml:lang="en">1752</first_page><last_page xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xml:lang="en">1766</last_page><volume xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xml:lang="en">68</volume></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#d0e39266-dde4-4a8a-81c5-66d11b4e003e"><title xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xml:lang="en">Biophysical Journal</title></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#c0ab5e71-5262-443b-aba7-7db714a2affe"><creator xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#1442df3c-4a09-4214-9c05-42c0a1765b54"/></creator><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
          This is the CellML description of David Friel's 1995 model of calcium 
          oscillations in sympathetic neurons.
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          Added more metadata.
        </rdf:value><modified xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#330f494b-128e-4382-b84f-7063551353bb"/></modified><cmeta:modifier><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#f360b3e3-ad5a-4519-b3cf-c28fd8addb44"/></cmeta:modifier></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#0d6247e7-8a49-4371-a91d-0f1b62e4519b"><N xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#209e8eea-1e47-4185-b87d-d3704e8d95f7"/></N></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about=""><publisher xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xml:lang="en">
        The University of Auckland, Auckland Bioengineering Institute
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        A Model Of Calcium Oscillations in Sympathetic Neurons 
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          Added publication date information.
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