- Author:
- Shelley Fong <sfon036@UoA.auckland.ac.nz>
- Date:
- 2024-08-12 14:22:33+12:00
- Desc:
- keyword change
- Permanent Source URI:
- https://models.fieldml.org/workspace/b80/rawfile/e00f26a04b5ec39024bc1f9df93970da81161b04/exposure/exposure_frontpage.rst
About
====================
Landing page for the delayed rectifier potassium channel, of both rapid (**Kr**) and slow (**Ks**) variants.
Other name for these proteins: **Kv**, **KCNx** (x denotes letter from A to H).
Kr and Ks are proposed to be formed of proteins that are from the same families (see table below).
Kv is thought to be tetrameric - made of four units of the pore-forming, alpha subunit protein. This is assembled with one or more units of the regulatory beta subunit. There may be other subunits that control channel gating.
Pictures
===================
.. figure:: exposure/K_channel_wikipedia.png
:width: 75%
:align: center
:alt: Kr_pic
Fig. 1. Schematic of delayed rectifier potassium channel action (purple channel), transferring potassium ions (purple triangles) from the extracellular fluid into the cell cytosol.
Subfamilies
===================
The following list contains a portion of all 12 subfamilies that fall under the Kv group. This portion pertains to the delayed rectifier current only.
.. csv-table:: Variants within the human species
:header: "Channel name", "Alias", "x", "Subunit", "Binds", "Current", Gene, Structure
:widths: 6, 7, 4, 6, 6, 6, 9, 9
"Kv1.x", "KCNAx", "1", "alpha", " ", " ", `Uniprot KCNA1 <https://www.uniprot.org/UniprotKb/Q09470/entry>`_, `SMR KCNA1 <https://swissmodel.expasy.org/repository/uniprot/Q09470?csm=0A1B1AB87BCDDEBA>`_
" ", " ", "2 ", "alpha", " ", "Kr", `Uniprot KCNA2 <https://www.uniprot.org/UniprotKb/Q28293/entry>`_, `SMR KCNA2 <https://swissmodel.expasy.org/repository/uniprot/Q28293?csm=394FDA7D04CA8EC8>`_
" ", " ", "3 ", "alpha", " ", " ", `Uniprot KCNA3 <https://www.uniprot.org/UniprotKb/P22001/entry>`_, `PDB KCNA3 <https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe-srv/view/entry/4BGC>`_
" ", " ", "5 ", "alpha", " ", " ", `Uniprot KCNA5 <https://www.uniprot.org/UniprotKb/P22460/entry>`_, `SMR KCNA5 <https://swissmodel.expasy.org/repository/uniprot/P22460?csm=A5B02B27F8396E3D>`_
" ", " ", "6 ", "alpha", " ", " ", `Uniprot KCNA6 <https://www.uniprot.org/UniprotKb/P17658/entry>`_, `SMR KCNA6 <https://swissmodel.expasy.org/repository/uniprot/P17658?csm=CFF0710A1F9CD69F>`_
" ", " ", "7 ", "alpha", " ", " ", `Uniprot KCNA7 <https://www.uniprot.org/UniprotKb/Q96RP8/entry>`_, `SMR KCNA7 <https://swissmodel.expasy.org/repository/uniprot/Q96RP8?csm=EF9980CF54D52FB8>`_
"Kv2.x", "KCNBx", "1", "alpha", " ", "Ks", `Uniprot KCNB1 <https://www.uniprot.org/UniprotKb/Q14721/entry>`_, `PDB KCNB1 <https://pdbe-kb.org/proteins/Q14721>`_
" ", " ", "2 ", "alpha ", " ", " ", `Uniprot KCNB2 <https://www.uniprot.org/UniprotKb/Q92953/entry>`_, `SMR KCNB2 <https://swissmodel.expasy.org/repository/uniprot/Q92953?csm=2261D7D6280CF81A>`_
"Kv3.x", "KCNCx", "1", alpha, " ", " ", `Uniprot KCNC1 <https://www.uniprot.org/UniprotKb/P48547/entry>`_, `PDB KCNC1 <https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe-srv/view/entry/7PHH>`_
" ", " ", "2", "alpha", " ", " ", `Uniprot KCNC2 <https://www.uniprot.org/UniprotKb/Q96PR1/entry>`_, `SMR KCNC2 <https://swissmodel.expasy.org/repository/uniprot/Q96PR1?csm=211CAF8395A58C5D>`_
" ", " ", "3", "alpha", " ", " ", `Uniprot KCNC3 <https://www.uniprot.org/UniprotKb/Q14003/entry>`_, `SMR KCNC3 <https://swissmodel.expasy.org/repository/uniprot/Q14003?csm=B44306B850DFD797>`_
" ", " ", "4", "alpha", " ", " ", `Uniprot KCNC4 <https://www.uniprot.org/UniprotKb/Q03721/entry>`_, `PDB KCNC4 <https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe-srv/view/entry/1B4G>`_
"Kv6.x", "KCNGx", "1", alpha, " ", "Ks", `Uniprot KCNG1 <https://www.uniprot.org/UniprotKb/Q9UIX4/entry>`_, `SMR KCNG1 <https://swissmodel.expasy.org/repository/uniprot/Q9UIX4?csm=A002F1C0EF2FBDC5>`_
" ", " ", "2", "alpha ", " ", "Ks", `Uniprot KCNG2 <https://www.uniprot.org/UniprotKb/Q9UJ96/entry>`_, `SMR KCNG2 <https://www.uniprot.org/database?query=(name:SMR)&direct>`_
" ", " ", "3", "alpha ", " ", "Ks", `Uniprot KCNG3 <https://www.uniprot.org/UniprotKb/Q8TAE7/entry>`_, `SMR KCNG3 <https://www.uniprot.org/UniprotKb/Q8TAE7/entry>`_
" ", " ", "4", "alpha ", " ", "Ks", `Uniprot KCNG4 <https://www.uniprot.org/UniprotKb/Q8TDN1/entry>`_, `SMR KCNG4 <https://swissmodel.expasy.org/repository/uniprot/Q8TDN1?csm=E5BBA354931AB0A4>`_
"Kv9.x", "KCNSx", "1", alpha, " ", "Ks", `Uniprot KCNS1 <https://www.uniprot.org/UniprotKb/Q96KK3/entry>`_, `SMR KCNS1 <https://swissmodel.expasy.org/repository/uniprot/Q96KK3?csm=00F0E415E3A68C91>`_
" ", " ", "2", "alpha", " ", "Ks", `Uniprot KCNS2 <https://www.uniprot.org/UniprotKb/Q9ULS6/entry>`_, `SMR KCNS2 <https://swissmodel.expasy.org/repository/uniprot/O35174?csm=C7AD7AA3AE312B2C>`_
" ", " ", "3", "alpha", " ", "Ks", `Uniprot KCNS3 <https://www.uniprot.org/UniprotKb/Q9BQ31/entry>`_, `SMR KCNS3 <https://swissmodel.expasy.org/repository/uniprot/Q9BQ31?csm=FFE02CA3DCA50185>`_
"Kv7.x", "KCNQx", "1", "alpha", " ", "Ks", `Uniprot KCNQ1 <https://www.uniprot.org/UniprotKb/P51787/entry>`_, `PDB KCNQ1 <https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe-srv/view/entry/3BJ4>`_
" ", " ", "2", "alpha", " ", " ", `Uniprot KCNQ2 <https://www.uniprot.org/UniprotKb/O43526/entry>`_, `EMD KCNQ2 <https://www.ebi.ac.uk/emdb/EMD-30443>`_
" ", " ", "3", "alpha", " ", " ", `Uniprot KCNQ3 <https://www.uniprot.org/UniprotKb/O43525/entry>`_, `PDB KCNQ3 <https://pdbe-kb.org/proteins/O43525>`_
" ", " ", "4", "alpha", " ", " ", `Uniprot KCNQ4 <https://www.uniprot.org/UniprotKb/P56696/entry>`_, `PDB KCNQ4 <https://pdbe-kb.org/proteins/P56696>`_
" ", " ", "5", "alpha", " ", " ", `Uniprot KCNQ5 <https://www.uniprot.org/UniprotKb/Q9NR82/entry>`_, `PDB KCNQ5 <https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe-srv/view/entry/6B8Q>`_
"Kv10.x", "KCNHx", "1", "alpha", " ", " ", `Uniprot KCNH1 <https://www.uniprot.org/UniprotKb/O95259/entry>`_, `PDB KCNH1 <https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe-srv/view/entry/5J7E>`_
" ", " ", "2", "alpha", " ", "Kr", `Uniprot KCNH2 <https://www.uniprot.org/UniprotKb/Q12809/entry>`_, `PDB KCNH2 <https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe-srv/view/entry/1BYW>`_
"NA", "KCNEx", "1", "beta", KCNQ1, "Ks", `Uniprot KCNE1 <https://www.uniprot.org/UniprotKb/P15382/entry>`_, `PDB KCNE1 <https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe-srv/view/entry/2K21>`_
"NA", " ", "2", "beta", " ", "Kr", `Uniprot KCNE2 <https://www.uniprot.org/UniprotKb/Q9Y6J6/entry>`_, `PDB KCNE2 <https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe-srv/view/entry/2M0Q>`_
"NA", " ", "3", "beta", "KCNB1", "Ks", `Uniprot KCNE3 <https://www.uniprot.org/UniprotKb/Q9Y6H6/entry>`_, `PDB KCNE3 <https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe-srv/view/entry/2NDJ>`_
Column **Binds** denotes what other protein the protein here binds to, to be functionally active. If item is blank, any binding activity was not experimentally found.
Column **Current** denotes which delayed rectifier current the protein has been experimentally found to contribute to.
Literature
===================
.. csv-table:: For further reading
:header: "Title", "Author"
:widths: 30, 15
"`A computational model of induced pluripotent stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes incorporating experimental variability from multiple data sources <https://doi.org/10.1113/JP278739>`_", "Kernik et al."
Existing models
===================
.. csv-table:: Link to other PMR workspaces or exposures
:header: "Title", "Author"
:widths: 30, 15
"`BG_Kr <https://models.physiomeproject.org/workspace/82c>`_", "S Fong"
"`BG_Ks <https://models.physiomeproject.org/workspace/82d>`_", "S Fong"
"`Cellular consequences of HERG mutations in the long QT syndrome: precursors to sudden cardiac death*^ <https://models.physiomeproject.org/e/514>`_", "C Clancy and Y Rudy"
"`Bond graph modelling of the cardiac action potential: Implications for drift and non-unique steady states^ <https://github.com/uomsystemsbiology/bond_graph_cardiac_AP>`_", "M Pan et al."
"`A Model of the Ventricular Cardiac Action Potential - Depolarisation, Repolarisation and Their Interaction*^ <https://models.physiomeproject.org/exposure/2d2ce7737b42a4f72d6bf8b67f6eb5a2>`_", "C Luo and Y Rudy"
Models denoted by [*] are not in bond graph form.
Models denoted by [^] are part of a whole cell model.
Other annotations
===================
.. csv-table::
:header: "Item", "Database"
:widths: 17, 15
"Voltage gated potassium channel subunits Kv1-12", "`Reactome <https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-1296098>`_"
"Protein activity", "`Gene Ontology <https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005251>`_"
"Hierarchy of Kv channels", "`Interpro <https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/InterPro/IPR003968/>`_"
