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<title>Mathematical model of the neonatal mouse ventricular action potential</title>
<author>
<firstname>Catherine</firstname>
<surname>Lloyd</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>ABI</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para>
This CellML model is known to run in OpenCell and COR to recreate the published results. The units have been checked and are consistent.
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<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>
ABSTRACT: Therapies for heart disease are based largely on our understanding of the adult myocardium. The dramatic differences in action potential (AP) shape between neonatal and adult cardiac myocytes, however, indicate that a different set of molecular interactions in neonatal myocytes necessitates different treatment for newborns. Computational modeling is useful for synthesizing data to determine how interactions between components lead to systems-level behavior, but this technique has not been used extensively to study neonatal heart cell function. We created a mathematical model of the neonatal (day 1) mouse myocyte by modifying, on the basis of experimental data, the densities and/or formulations of ion transport mechanisms in an adult cell model. The new model reproduces the characteristic AP shape of neonatal cells, with a brief plateau phase and longer duration than the adult (action potential duration at 80% repolarization = 60.1 vs. 12.6 ms). The simulation results are consistent with experimental data, including 1) decreased density and altered inactivation of transient outward K+ currents, 2) increased delayed rectifier K+ currents, 3) Ca2+ entry through T-type as well as L-type Ca2+ channels, 4) increased Ca2+ influx through Na+/Ca2+ exchange, and 5) Ca2+ transients resulting from transmembrane Ca2+ entry rather than release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Simulations performed with the model generated novel predictions, including increased SR Ca2+ leak and elevated intracellular Na+ concentration in neonatal compared with adult myocytes. This new model can therefore be used for testing hypotheses and obtaining a better quantitative understanding of differences between neonatal and adult physiology.
</para>
<para>
The original paper reference is cited below:
</para>
<para>
Mathematical model of the neonatal mouse ventricular action potential, Linda J. Wang and Eric A. Sobie, 2008,<emphasis>American Journal of Physiology: Heart and Circulatory Physiology</emphasis>, 294, H2565-H2575. <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;list_uids=18408122&amp;dopt=Abstract">PubMed ID: 18408122</ulink>
</para>
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<caption>Schematic diagram of the neonatal mouse model.</caption>
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</sect1>
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<variable initial_value="8.9220" name="LTRPN_Ca" public_interface="out" units="micromolar"/>
<variable initial_value="66.0407" name="HTRPN_Ca" public_interface="out" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
<variable name="Cai" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="k_plus_htrpn" public_interface="in" units="per_micromolar_millisecond"/>
<variable name="k_minus_htrpn" public_interface="in" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable name="k_plus_ltrpn" public_interface="in" units="per_micromolar_millisecond"/>
<variable name="k_minus_ltrpn" public_interface="in" units="per_millisecond"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>LTRPN_Ca</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_plus_ltrpn</ci>
<ci>Cai</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>LTRPN_tot</ci>
<ci>LTRPN_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_minus_ltrpn</ci>
<ci>LTRPN_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>HTRPN_Ca</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_plus_htrpn</ci>
<ci>Cai</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>HTRPN_tot</ci>
<ci>HTRPN_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_minus_htrpn</ci>
<ci>HTRPN_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="ryanodine_receptors">
<variable initial_value="1.1e-3" name="P_O1" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="2.9799e-8" name="P_O2" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="P_C1" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.1003" name="P_C2" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.00608" name="k_plus_a" units="micromolar4_per_millisecond"/>
<variable initial_value="0.07125" name="k_minus_a" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable initial_value="0.00405" name="k_plus_b" units="micromolar3_per_millisecond"/>
<variable initial_value="0.965" name="k_minus_b" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable initial_value="0.009" name="k_plus_c" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0008" name="k_minus_c" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable initial_value="3" name="m" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="4" name="n" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
<variable name="Cass" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>P_O1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_plus_a</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Cass</ci>
<ci>n</ci>
</apply>
<ci>P_C1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_minus_b</ci>
<ci>P_O2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_minus_c</ci>
<ci>P_C2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_minus_a</ci>
<ci>P_O1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_plus_b</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Cass</ci>
<ci>m</ci>
</apply>
<ci>P_O1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_plus_c</ci>
<ci>P_O1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>P_C1</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>P_C2</ci>
<ci>P_O1</ci>
<ci>P_O2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>P_O2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_plus_b</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Cass</ci>
<ci>m</ci>
</apply>
<ci>P_O1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_minus_b</ci>
<ci>P_O2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>P_C2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_plus_c</ci>
<ci>P_O1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_minus_c</ci>
<ci>P_C2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_calcium_current">
<variable cmeta:id="L_type_calcium_current_i_CaL" name="i_CaL" public_interface="out" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
<variable initial_value="7" name="i_CaL_max" public_interface="out" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
<variable initial_value="63" name="E_CaL" public_interface="out" units="millivolt"/>
<variable initial_value="0.19019" name="g_CaL" units="milliS_per_microF"/>
<variable initial_value="4.4776e-12" name="O" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="C1" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="1.6996e-4" name="C2" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="1.1754e-8" name="C3" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="6.1239e-10" name="C4" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="1.5450e-9" name="I1" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="6.4226e-8" name="I2" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="6.5201e-7" name="I3" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="alpha" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable name="beta" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable name="gamma" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable name="Kpcf" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0005" name="Kpcb" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable initial_value="0.23324" name="Kpc_max" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable initial_value="20" name="Kpc_half" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="Cass" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_CaL</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_CaL</ci>
<ci>O</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_CaL</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>O</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha</ci>
<ci>C4</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Kpcb</ci>
<ci>I1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.001</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha</ci>
<ci>I2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Kpcf</ci>
<ci>O</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
<ci>beta</ci>
<ci>O</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<ci>O</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>C1</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>O</ci>
<ci>C2</ci>
<ci>C2</ci>
<ci>C3</ci>
<ci>C4</ci>
<ci>I1</ci>
<ci>I2</ci>
<ci>I3</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>C2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
<ci>alpha</ci>
<ci>C1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>beta</ci>
<ci>C3</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta</ci>
<ci>C2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
<ci>alpha</ci>
<ci>C2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>C3</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
<ci>alpha</ci>
<ci>C2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
<ci>beta</ci>
<ci>C4</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>beta</ci>
<ci>C3</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>alpha</ci>
<ci>C3</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>C4</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>alpha</ci>
<ci>C3</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
<ci>beta</ci>
<ci>O</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millisecond">0.01</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
<ci>Kpcb</ci>
<ci>beta</ci>
<ci>I1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha</ci>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<ci>C4</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.002</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
<ci>beta</ci>
<ci>I2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Kpcf</ci>
<ci>C4</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millisecond">4</cn>
<ci>beta</ci>
<ci>Kpcb</ci>
<ci>I3</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
<ci>beta</ci>
<ci>C4</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha</ci>
<ci>C4</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millisecond">1</cn>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<ci>Kpcf</ci>
<ci>C4</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>I1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<ci>O</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.001</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha</ci>
<ci>I3</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Kpcf</ci>
<ci>I1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millisecond">0.01</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha</ci>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<ci>C4</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
<ci>beta</ci>
<ci>Kpcf</ci>
<ci>I1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Kpcb</ci>
<ci>I1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>I2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.001</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Kpcf</ci>
<ci>O</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha</ci>
<ci>I2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Kpcb</ci>
<ci>I3</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.002</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Kpcf</ci>
<ci>C4</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
<ci>beta</ci>
<ci>I2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<ci>I2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>I3</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.001</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Kpcf</ci>
<ci>I1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha</ci>
<ci>I3</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<ci>I2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millisecond">1</cn>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<ci>Kpcf</ci>
<ci>C4</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millisecond">4</cn>
<ci>beta</ci>
<ci>Kpcb</ci>
<ci>I3</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Kpcb</ci>
<ci>I3</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millisecond">0.4</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">12</cn>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.7</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt2">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.75</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">20</cn>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt2">400</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.12</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">12</cn>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millisecond">0.05</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">12</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">13</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Kpc_max</ci>
<ci>Cass</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Kpc_half</ci>
<ci>Cass</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Kpcf</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millisecond">13</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">14.5</cn>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt2">100</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="T_type_calcium_current">
<variable cmeta:id="T_type_calcium_current_i_CaT" name="i_CaT" public_interface="out" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
<variable initial_value="50" name="E_CaT" units="millivolt"/>
<variable initial_value="0.055" name="g_CaT" units="milliS_per_microF"/>
<variable name="time" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
<variable name="V" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="b" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="g" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_CaT</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_CaT</ci>
<ci>b</ci>
<ci>g</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_CaT</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="T_type_calcium_current_b_gate">
<variable initial_value="0.0047" name="b" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="b_infinity" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="tau_b" units="millisecond"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>b_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">48</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">6.1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_b</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millisecond">0.1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millisecond">5.4</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">100</cn>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">6.6</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>b</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>b_infinity</ci>
<ci>b</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_b</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="T_type_calcium_current_g_gate">
<variable initial_value="0.9020" name="g" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="g_infinity" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="tau_g" units="millisecond"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>g_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">66</cn>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">6.6</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_g</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millisecond">8</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millisecond">32</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">65</cn>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>g</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>g_infinity</ci>
<ci>g</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_g</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="calcium_pump_current">
<variable cmeta:id="calcium_pump_current_i_pCa" name="i_pCa" public_interface="out" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
<variable initial_value="0.2" name="i_pCa_max" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
<variable initial_value="0.5" name="Km_pCa" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="Cai" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_pCa</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_pCa_max</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Cai</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Km_pCa</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Cai</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_calcium_exchange_current">
<variable cmeta:id="sodium_calcium_exchange_current_i_NaCa" name="i_NaCa" public_interface="out" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
<variable initial_value="907.68" name="k_NaCa" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
<variable initial_value="87500" name="K_mNa" units="micromolar"/>
<variable initial_value="1380" name="K_mCa" units="micromolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.1" name="k_sat" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.35" name="eta" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="R" public_interface="in" units="joule_per_mole_kelvin"/>
<variable name="T" public_interface="in" units="kelvin"/>
<variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="coulomb_per_millimole"/>
<variable name="Nai" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="Nao" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="Cai" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="Cao" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_NaCa</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_NaCa</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>K_mNa</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Nao</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mCa</ci>
<ci>Cao</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_sat</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>eta</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>eta</ci>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Nai</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>Cao</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>eta</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Nao</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>Cai</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="calcium_background_current">
<variable cmeta:id="calcium_background_current_i_Cab" name="i_Cab" public_interface="out" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
<variable initial_value="0.00025" name="g_Cab" units="milliS_per_microF"/>
<variable name="E_CaN" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="V" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="R" public_interface="in" units="joule_per_mole_kelvin"/>
<variable name="T" public_interface="in" units="kelvin"/>
<variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="coulomb_per_millimole"/>
<variable name="Cai" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="Cao" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Cab</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Cab</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_CaN</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E_CaN</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Cao</ci>
<ci>Cai</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_concentration">
<variable initial_value="2.1747e4" name="Nai" public_interface="out" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
<variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="coulomb_per_millimole"/>
<variable name="Vmyo" public_interface="in" units="microlitre"/>
<variable name="Cm" public_interface="in" units="microF_per_cm2"/>
<variable name="Acap" public_interface="in" units="cm2"/>
<variable name="i_Na" public_interface="in" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
<variable name="i_NaCa" public_interface="in" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
<variable name="i_NaK" public_interface="in" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
<variable name="i_Nab" public_interface="in" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Nai</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_Na</ci>
<ci>i_Nab</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
<ci>i_NaK</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
<ci>i_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>Acap</ci>
<ci>Cm</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Vmyo</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="fast_sodium_current">
<variable cmeta:id="fast_sodium_current_i_Na" name="i_Na" public_interface="out" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
<variable name="E_Na" public_interface="out" units="millivolt"/>
<variable initial_value="10" name="g_Na" units="milliS_per_microF"/>
<variable name="time" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
<variable name="V" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="R" public_interface="in" units="joule_per_mole_kelvin"/>
<variable name="T" public_interface="in" units="kelvin"/>
<variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="coulomb_per_millimole"/>
<variable name="Nao" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="Nai" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="m" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="h" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="j" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Na</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Na</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>m</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>h</ci>
<ci>j</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Na</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E_Na</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Nao</ci>
<ci>Nai</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="fast_sodium_current_m_gate">
<variable initial_value="0.0032" name="m" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="alpha_m" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable name="beta_m" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_m</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt_millisecond">0.32</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">47.13</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">-0.1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">47.13</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_m</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millisecond">0.08</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">11</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>m</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>alpha_m</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>alpha_m</ci>
<ci>beta_m</ci>
</apply>
<ci>m</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="fast_sodium_current_h_gate">
<variable initial_value="0.9606" name="h" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="alpha_h" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable name="beta_h" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_h</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millisecond">0.135</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">80</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">6.8</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<lt/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millisecond">0</cn>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_h</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millisecond">3.56</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.079</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millisecond">310000</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.35</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<lt/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millisecond">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.13</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">10.66</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">11.1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>h</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>alpha_h</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>alpha_h</ci>
<ci>beta_h</ci>
</apply>
<ci>h</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
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<variable name="alpha_j" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable name="beta_j" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
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<eq/>
<ci>alpha_j</ci>
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<piece>
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<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
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<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt_millisecond">127140</cn>
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<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.2444</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
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<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" type="e-notation" cellml:units="per_millivolt_millisecond">3.474<sep/>-5</cn>
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<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.04391</cn>
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<ci>V</ci>
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</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">37.78</cn>
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<apply>
<plus/>
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<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.311</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">79.23</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<lt/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millisecond">0</cn>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_j</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millisecond">0.1212</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.01052</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
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</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.1378</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">40.14</cn>
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</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<lt/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millisecond">0.3</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" type="e-notation" cellml:units="per_millivolt">2.535<sep/>-7</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">32</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
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<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>j</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>alpha_j</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>alpha_j</ci>
<ci>beta_j</ci>
</apply>
<ci>j</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_background_current">
<variable cmeta:id="sodium_background_current_i_Nab" name="i_Nab" public_interface="out" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0026" name="g_Nab" units="milliS_per_microF"/>
<variable name="E_Na" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Nab</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Nab</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Na</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="potassium_concentration">
<variable initial_value="1.3645e5" name="Ki" public_interface="out" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
<variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="coulomb_per_millimole"/>
<variable name="Vmyo" public_interface="in" units="microlitre"/>
<variable name="Cm" public_interface="in" units="microF_per_cm2"/>
<variable name="Acap" public_interface="in" units="cm2"/>
<variable name="i_Kto_f" public_interface="in" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
<variable name="i_K1" public_interface="in" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
<variable name="i_Ks" public_interface="in" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
<variable name="i_Kss" public_interface="in" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
<variable name="i_Kur" public_interface="in" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
<variable name="i_Kr" public_interface="in" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
<variable name="i_NaK" public_interface="in" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ki</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_Kto_f</ci>
<ci>i_K1</ci>
<ci>i_Ks</ci>
<ci>i_Kss</ci>
<ci>i_Kur</ci>
<ci>i_Kr</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>i_NaK</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>Acap</ci>
<ci>Cm</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Vmyo</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="fast_transient_outward_potassium_current">
<variable cmeta:id="fast_transient_outward_potassium_current_i_Kto_f" name="i_Kto_f" public_interface="out" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
<variable name="E_K" public_interface="out" units="millivolt"/>
<variable initial_value="0.1017" name="g_Kto_f" units="milliS_per_microF"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0032" name="ato_f" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.7530" name="ito_f" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="ito_f_infinity" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="tau_ito_f" units="millisecond"/>
<variable name="alpha_a" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable name="beta_a" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable name="alpha_i" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable name="beta_i" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="R" public_interface="in" units="joule_per_mole_kelvin"/>
<variable name="T" public_interface="in" units="kelvin"/>
<variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="coulomb_per_millimole"/>
<variable name="Ki" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="Ko" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Kto_f</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Kto_f</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>ato_f</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">6.5</cn>
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<ci>ito_f</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E_K</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ko</ci>
<ci>Ki</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>ato_f</ci>
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<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_a</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>ato_f</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_a</ci>
<ci>ato_f</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>ito_f</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>ito_f_infinity</ci>
<ci>ito_f</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_ito_f</ci>
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<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>ito_f_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>alpha_i</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>alpha_i</ci>
<ci>beta_i</ci>
</apply>
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<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_ito_f</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millisecond">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.000152</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">13.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">7</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.067083</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">33.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">7</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.00095</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">33.5</cn>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">7</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.051335</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">33.5</cn>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">7</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_a</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millisecond">0.18064</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.03577</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">30</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_a</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millisecond">0.3956</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.06237</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">30</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_i</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millisecond">0.000152</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">3.81</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">15.75</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0067083</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">132.05</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">15.75</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_i</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millisecond">0.00095</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">132.05</cn>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">15.75</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.051335</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">132.05</cn>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">15.75</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="ultra_rapidly_activating_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current">
<variable cmeta:id="ultra_rapidly_activating_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_i_Kur" name="i_Kur" public_interface="out" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
<variable name="ass" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0048" name="g_Kur" units="milliS_per_microF"/>
<variable initial_value="5.2471e-4" name="aur" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.9866" name="iur" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="tau_aur" units="millisecond"/>
<variable name="tau_iur" units="millisecond"/>
<variable name="iss" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="E_K" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Kur</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Kur</ci>
<ci>aur</ci>
<ci>iur</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
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<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>aur</ci>
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<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>ass</ci>
<ci>aur</ci>
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<ci>tau_aur</ci>
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<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
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<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>iur</ci>
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<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>iss</ci>
<ci>iur</ci>
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<ci>tau_iur</ci>
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</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>ass</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">22.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">7.7</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_aur</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millisecond">0.493</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.0629</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millisecond">2.058</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>iss</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">45.2</cn>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">5.7</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_iur</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millisecond">1200</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millisecond">170</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">45.2</cn>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">5.7</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="non_inactivating_steady_state_potassium_current">
<variable cmeta:id="non_inactivating_steady_state_potassium_current_i_Kss" name="i_Kss" public_interface="out" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
<variable initial_value="0.015" name="g_Kss" units="milliS_per_microF"/>
<variable initial_value="0.8500" name="aKss" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="tau_Kss" units="millisecond"/>
<variable name="E_K" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
<variable name="ass" public_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Kss</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Kss</ci>
<ci>aKss</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>aKss</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>ass</ci>
<ci>aKss</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_Kss</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_Kss</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millisecond">39.3</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.0862</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millisecond">13.17</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="time_independent_potassium_current">
<variable cmeta:id="time_independent_potassium_current_i_K1" name="i_K1" public_interface="out" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
<variable initial_value="0.235" name="g_K1" units="milliS_per_microF"/>
<variable name="Ko" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="E_K" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_K1</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_K1</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ko</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ko</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="micromolar">210</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.0896</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current">
<variable cmeta:id="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_i_Ks" name="i_Ks" public_interface="out" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
<variable initial_value="0.046" name="g_Ks" units="milliS_per_microF"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0026" name="nKs" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="alpha_n" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable name="beta_n" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable name="E_K" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ks</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Ks</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>nKs</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>nKs</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_n</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>nKs</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_n</ci>
<ci>nKs</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_n</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt_millisecond">0.00000481333</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">26.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.128</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">26.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_n</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millisecond">0.0000953333</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.038</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">26.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current">
<variable cmeta:id="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_i_Kr" name="i_Kr" public_interface="out" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
<variable initial_value="01.17" name="g_Kr" units="milliS_per_microF"/>
<variable initial_value="2.1e-3" name="O_K" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="1.1e-3" name="C_K1" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="8.3641e-4" name="C_K2" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="C_K0" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="4.3522e-4" name="I_K" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="alpha_a0" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable name="beta_a0" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable initial_value="0.036778" name="kb" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable initial_value="0.023761" name="kf" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable name="alpha_a1" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable name="beta_a1" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable name="alpha_i" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable name="beta_i" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="E_K" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Kr</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Kr</ci>
<ci>O_K</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>C_K0</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>C_K1</ci>
<ci>C_K2</ci>
<ci>O_K</ci>
<ci>I_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>C_K2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>kf</ci>
<ci>C_K1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_a1</ci>
<ci>O_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>kb</ci>
<ci>C_K2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_a1</ci>
<ci>C_K2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>C_K1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_a0</ci>
<ci>C_K0</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>kb</ci>
<ci>C_K2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_a0</ci>
<ci>C_K1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>kf</ci>
<ci>C_K1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>O_K</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_a1</ci>
<ci>C_K2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_i</ci>
<ci>I_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_a1</ci>
<ci>O_K</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_i</ci>
<ci>O_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>I_K</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_i</ci>
<ci>O_K</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_i</ci>
<ci>I_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_a0</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millisecond">0.022348</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.01176</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_a0</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millisecond">0.047002</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.0631</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_a1</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millisecond">0.013733</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.038198</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_a1</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millisecond">0.0000689</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.04178</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_i</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millisecond">0.090821</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.023391</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_i</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millisecond">0.006497</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.03268</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_potassium_pump_current">
<variable cmeta:id="sodium_potassium_pump_current_i_NaK" name="i_NaK" public_interface="out" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
<variable initial_value="0.88" name="i_NaK_max" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
<variable initial_value="21000" name="Km_Nai" units="micromolar"/>
<variable initial_value="1500" name="Km_Ko" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="f_NaK" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="sigma" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="R" public_interface="in" units="joule_per_mole_kelvin"/>
<variable name="T" public_interface="in" units="kelvin"/>
<variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="coulomb_per_millimole"/>
<variable name="Nai" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="Nao" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="Ko" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_NaK</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_NaK_max</ci>
<ci>f_NaK</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Km_Nai</ci>
<ci>Nai</ci>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>Ko</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ko</ci>
<ci>Km_Ko</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>f_NaK</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1245</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0365</cn>
<ci>sigma</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>sigma</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">7</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Nao</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="micromolar">67300</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="calcium_activated_chloride_current">
<variable cmeta:id="calcium_activated_chloride_current_i_ClCa" name="i_ClCa" public_interface="out" units="picoA_per_picoF"/>
<variable initial_value="2.74e-7" name="P_ClCa" units="cm_per_second"/>
<variable name="f_ClCa" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="4" name="Km_Cl" units="micromolar"/>
<variable initial_value="3" name="n_ClCa" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="R" public_interface="in" units="joule_per_mole_kelvin"/>
<variable name="T" public_interface="in" units="kelvin"/>
<variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="coulomb_per_millimole"/>
<variable name="Cli" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="Clo" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="Cass" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>f_ClCa</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Cass</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Km_Cl</ci>
<ci>Cass</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>n_ClCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_ClCa</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="cm2_per_microF">1</cn>
<ci>P_ClCa</ci>
<ci>f_ClCa</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Clo</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>Cli</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="encapsulation"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_j_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="T_type_calcium_current">
<component_ref component="T_type_calcium_current_b_gate"/>
<component_ref component="T_type_calcium_current_g_gate"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="calcium_concentration" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="calcium_fluxes" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="calcium_buffering" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="ryanodine_receptors" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="L_type_calcium_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="T_type_calcium_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="sodium_concentration" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="potassium_concentration" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="fast_transient_outward_potassium_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="time_independent_potassium_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="ultra_rapidly_activating_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="non_inactivating_steady_state_potassium_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="L_type_calcium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_CaL" variable_2="i_CaL"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="T_type_calcium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_CaT" variable_2="i_CaT"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="calcium_pump_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_pCa" variable_2="i_pCa"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="sodium_calcium_exchange_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_NaCa" variable_2="i_NaCa"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
<map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Cao" variable_2="Cao"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Nao" variable_2="Nao"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="calcium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Cab" variable_2="i_Cab"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
<map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Cao" variable_2="Cao"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Na" variable_2="i_Na"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
<map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Nao" variable_2="Nao"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="sodium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Nab" variable_2="i_Nab"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="sodium_potassium_pump_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_NaK" variable_2="i_NaK"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
<map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Nao" variable_2="Nao"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ko" variable_2="Ko"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="fast_transient_outward_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Kto_f" variable_2="i_Kto_f"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
<map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ko" variable_2="Ko"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_K1" variable_2="i_K1"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ko" variable_2="Ko"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ks" variable_2="i_Ks"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="ultra_rapidly_activating_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Kur" variable_2="i_Kur"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="non_inactivating_steady_state_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Kss" variable_2="i_Kss"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Kr" variable_2="i_Kr"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="calcium_activated_chloride_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_ClCa" variable_2="i_ClCa"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
<map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Clo" variable_2="Clo"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Cli" variable_2="Cli"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="calcium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Cm" variable_2="Cm"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Acap" variable_2="Acap"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Vmyo" variable_2="Vmyo"/>
<map_variables variable_1="VNSR" variable_2="VNSR"/>
<map_variables variable_1="VJSR" variable_2="VJSR"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Vss" variable_2="Vss"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="calcium_fluxes"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="sodium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Cm" variable_2="Cm"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Acap" variable_2="Acap"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Vmyo" variable_2="Vmyo"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="potassium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Cm" variable_2="Cm"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Acap" variable_2="Acap"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Vmyo" variable_2="Vmyo"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="calcium_concentration" component_2="calcium_fluxes"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Cass" variable_2="Cass"/>
<map_variables variable_1="CaJSR" variable_2="CaJSR"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Cai" variable_2="Cai"/>
<map_variables variable_1="CaNSR" variable_2="CaNSR"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_rel" variable_2="J_rel"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_tr" variable_2="J_tr"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_xfer" variable_2="J_xfer"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_leak" variable_2="J_leak"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_up" variable_2="J_up"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_trpn" variable_2="J_trpn"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="calcium_concentration" component_2="calcium_buffering"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Cai" variable_2="Cai"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="calcium_concentration" component_2="ryanodine_receptors"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Cass" variable_2="Cass"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="calcium_concentration" component_2="L_type_calcium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_CaL" variable_2="i_CaL"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Cass" variable_2="Cass"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="calcium_concentration" component_2="T_type_calcium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_CaT" variable_2="i_CaT"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="calcium_concentration" component_2="calcium_pump_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_pCa" variable_2="i_pCa"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Cai" variable_2="Cai"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="calcium_concentration" component_2="sodium_calcium_exchange_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_NaCa" variable_2="i_NaCa"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Cai" variable_2="Cai"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="calcium_concentration" component_2="calcium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Cab" variable_2="i_Cab"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Cai" variable_2="Cai"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="calcium_concentration" component_2="calcium_activated_chloride_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Cass" variable_2="Cass"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="calcium_fluxes" component_2="calcium_buffering"/>
<map_variables variable_1="LTRPN_tot" variable_2="LTRPN_tot"/>
<map_variables variable_1="HTRPN_tot" variable_2="HTRPN_tot"/>
<map_variables variable_1="LTRPN_Ca" variable_2="LTRPN_Ca"/>
<map_variables variable_1="HTRPN_Ca" variable_2="HTRPN_Ca"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_plus_htrpn" variable_2="k_plus_htrpn"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_minus_htrpn" variable_2="k_minus_htrpn"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_plus_ltrpn" variable_2="k_plus_ltrpn"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_minus_ltrpn" variable_2="k_minus_ltrpn"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="calcium_fluxes" component_2="L_type_calcium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_CaL_max" variable_2="i_CaL_max"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_CaL" variable_2="i_CaL"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="calcium_fluxes" component_2="ryanodine_receptors"/>
<map_variables variable_1="P_O1" variable_2="P_O1"/>
<map_variables variable_1="P_O2" variable_2="P_O2"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="sodium_concentration" component_2="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Nai" variable_2="Nai"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Na" variable_2="i_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="sodium_concentration" component_2="sodium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Nab" variable_2="i_Nab"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="sodium_concentration" component_2="sodium_calcium_exchange_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Nai" variable_2="Nai"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_NaCa" variable_2="i_NaCa"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="sodium_concentration" component_2="sodium_potassium_pump_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Nai" variable_2="Nai"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_NaK" variable_2="i_NaK"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="sodium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_Na" variable_2="E_Na"/>
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<connection>
<map_components component_1="potassium_concentration" component_2="fast_transient_outward_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ki" variable_2="Ki"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Kto_f" variable_2="i_Kto_f"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="potassium_concentration" component_2="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_K1" variable_2="i_K1"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="potassium_concentration" component_2="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ks" variable_2="i_Ks"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="potassium_concentration" component_2="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Kr" variable_2="i_Kr"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="potassium_concentration" component_2="ultra_rapidly_activating_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Kur" variable_2="i_Kur"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="potassium_concentration" component_2="sodium_potassium_pump_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_NaK" variable_2="i_NaK"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="ultra_rapidly_activating_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="non_inactivating_steady_state_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="ass" variable_2="ass"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="potassium_concentration" component_2="non_inactivating_steady_state_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Kss" variable_2="i_Kss"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="fast_transient_outward_potassium_current" component_2="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_K" variable_2="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="fast_transient_outward_potassium_current" component_2="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_K" variable_2="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="fast_transient_outward_potassium_current" component_2="ultra_rapidly_activating_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_K" variable_2="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="fast_transient_outward_potassium_current" component_2="non_inactivating_steady_state_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_K" variable_2="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="fast_transient_outward_potassium_current" component_2="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_K" variable_2="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="m" variable_2="m"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="h" variable_2="h"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="fast_sodium_current_j_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="j" variable_2="j"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="T_type_calcium_current" component_2="T_type_calcium_current_b_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="b" variable_2="b"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="T_type_calcium_current" component_2="T_type_calcium_current_g_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="g" variable_2="g"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
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