A kinetically defined Na+/H+ antiporter within a mathematical model of the rat proximal tubule
Jonna
Terkildsen
Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland
Model Status
This CellML model..........................................
Model Structure
ABSTRACT: The luminal membrane antiporter of the proximal tubule has been represented using the kinetic formulation of E. Heinz (1978. Mechanics and Engergetics of Biological Transport. Springer-Verlag, Berlin) with the assumption of equilibrium binding and 1:1 stoichiometry. Competitive binding and transport of NH+4 is included within this model. Ion affinities and permeation velocities were selected in a least-squares fit to the kinetic parameters determined experimentally in renal membrane vesicles (Aronson, P.S., M.A. Suhm, and J. Nee. 1983. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 258:6767-6771). The modifier role of internal H+ to enhance transport beyond the expected kinetics (Aronson, P.S., J. Nee, and M. A. Suhm. 1982. Nature. 299:161-163) is represented as a velocity effect of H+ binding to a single site. This kinetic formulation of the Na+/H+ antiporter was incorporated within a model of the rat proximal tubule (Weinstein, A. M. 1994. American Journal of Physiology. 267:F237-F248) as a replacement for the representation by linear nonequilibrium thermodynamics (NET). The membrane density of the antiporter was selected to yield agreement with the rate of tubular Na+ reabsorption. Simulation of 0.5 cm of tubule predicts that the activity of the Na+/H+ antiporter is the most important force for active secretion of ammonia. Model calculations of metabolic acid-base disturbances are performed and comparison is made among antiporter representations (kinetic model, kinetic model without internal modifier, and NET formulation). It is found that the ability to sharply turn off Na+/H+ exchange in cellular alkalosis substantially eliminates the cell volume increase associated with high HCO3- conditions. In the tubule model, diminished Na+/H+ exchange in alkalosis blunts the axial decrease in luminal HCO3- and thus diminishes paracellular reabsorption of Cl-. In this way, the kinetics of the Na+/H+ antiporter could act to enhance distal delivery of Na+, Cl-, and HCO3- in acute metabolic alkalosis.
The original paper reference is cited below:
A kinetically defined Na+/H+ antiporter within a mathematical model of the rat proximal tubule, A.M. Weinstein, 1995,
The Journal of General Physiology
, 105, 617-641.
PubMed ID: 7658195
model diagram
Schematic representation of the Na+/H+ antiporter. The carrier may either be empty, X, or bound to one of three ions, Na+, H+, or NH+4, designated XA, XB, or XC. Binding is rapid, and defined by equilibrium constants Ka, Kb, and K~. The carrier or carrier-ion complex may face either the external (') or internal (") membrane surface. Tramlocation of the loaded carrier occurs according to rate coefficients Pa, Pb, and Pc. There is no translocation of empty carrier.
Concentration of Na+ in the luminal compartment
Concentration of NH4+ in the cytosol compartment
Concentration of NH4+ in the cytosol compartment
H+ flow through apical plasma membrane
Flux of H+ from luminal to cytosol through apical plasma membrane
Concentration of Na+ in the luminal compartment
Concentration of H+ in the cytosol compartment
Concentration of H+ in the cytosol compartment
Concentration of Na+ in the cytosol compartment
NH4+ flow through apical plasma membrane
Flux of NH4+ from luminal to cytosol through apical plasma membrane
Alan M. Weinstein
A Kinetically Defined Na +/H + Antiporter within a Mathematical Model of the Rat Proximal Tubule
The luminal membrane antiporter of the proximal tubule has been represented using the kinetic formulation of E. Heinz (1978. Mechanics and Engergetics of Biological Transport. Springer-Verlag, Berlin) with the assumption of equilibrium binding and 1:1 stoichiometry. Competitive binding and transport of NH+4 is included within this model. Ion affinities and permeation velocities were selected in a least-squares fit to the kinetic parameters determined experimentally in renal membrane vesicles (Aronson, P.S., M.A. Suhm, and J. Nee. 1983. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 258:6767-6771). The modifier role of internal H+ to enhance transport beyond the expected kinetics (Aronson, P.S., J. Nee, and M. A. Suhm. 1982. Nature. 299:161-163) is represented as a velocity effect of H+ binding to a single site. This kinetic formulation of the Na+/H+ antiporter was incorporated within a model of the rat proximal tubule (Weinstein, A. M. 1994. American Journal of Physiology. 267:F237-F248) as a replacement for the representation by linear nonequilibrium thermodynamics (NET). The membrane density of the antiporter was selected to yield agreement with the rate of tubular Na+ reabsorption. Simulation of 0.5 cm of tubule predicts that the activity of the Na+/H+ antiporter is the most important force for active secretion of ammonia. Model calculations of metabolic acid-base disturbances are performed and comparison is made among antiporter representations (kinetic model, kinetic model without internal modifier, and NET formulation). It is found that the ability to sharply turn off Na+/H+ exchange in cellular alkalosis substantially eliminates the cell volume increase associated with high HCO3- conditions. In the tubule model, diminished Na+/H+ exchange in alkalosis blunts the axial decrease in luminal HCO3- and thus diminishes paracellular reabsorption of Cl-. In this way, the kinetics of the Na+/H+ antiporter could act to enhance distal delivery of Na+, Cl-, and HCO3- in acute metabolic alkalosis.
Na+/H+ antiporter
ion transport
NHE3
Concentration of NH4+ in the luminal compartment
Na+ flow through apical plasma membrane
Flux of Na+ from luminal to cytosol through apical plasma membrane
Concentration of H+ in the luminal compartment
Concentration of H+ in the luminal compartment
Concentration of NH4+ in the luminal compartment
Concentration of Na+ in the cytosol compartment