function [VOI, STATES, ALGEBRAIC, CONSTANTS] = mainFunction() % This is the "main function". In Matlab, things work best if you rename this function to match the filename. [VOI, STATES, ALGEBRAIC, CONSTANTS] = solveModel(); end function [algebraicVariableCount] = getAlgebraicVariableCount() % Used later when setting a global variable with the number of algebraic variables. % Note: This is not the "main method". algebraicVariableCount =18; end % There are a total of 9 entries in each of the rate and state variable arrays. % There are a total of 49 entries in the constant variable array. % function [VOI, STATES, ALGEBRAIC, CONSTANTS] = solveModel() % Create ALGEBRAIC of correct size global algebraicVariableCount; algebraicVariableCount = getAlgebraicVariableCount(); % Initialise constants and state variables [INIT_STATES, CONSTANTS] = initConsts; % Set timespan to solve over tspan = [0, 10]; % Set numerical accuracy options for ODE solver options = odeset('RelTol', 1e-06, 'AbsTol', 1e-06, 'MaxStep', 1); % Solve model with ODE solver [VOI, STATES] = ode15s(@(VOI, STATES)computeRates(VOI, STATES, CONSTANTS), tspan, INIT_STATES, options); % Compute algebraic variables [RATES, ALGEBRAIC] = computeRates(VOI, STATES, CONSTANTS); ALGEBRAIC = computeAlgebraic(ALGEBRAIC, CONSTANTS, STATES, VOI); % Plot state variables against variable of integration [LEGEND_STATES, LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC, LEGEND_VOI, LEGEND_CONSTANTS] = createLegends(); figure(); plot(VOI, STATES); xlabel(LEGEND_VOI); l = legend(LEGEND_STATES); set(l,'Interpreter','none'); end function [LEGEND_STATES, LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC, LEGEND_VOI, LEGEND_CONSTANTS] = createLegends() LEGEND_STATES = ''; LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC = ''; LEGEND_VOI = ''; LEGEND_CONSTANTS = ''; LEGEND_VOI = strpad('time in component Environment (second)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,1) = strpad('Eta_b in component Parameters (mmHg_sec)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,2) = strpad('Rho_b in component Parameters (gram_per_cubic_meter)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,3) = strpad('E_p in component Parameters (mmHg)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,4) = strpad('r_p in component Parameters (meter)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,5) = strpad('l_p in component Parameters (meter)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,6) = strpad('h_p in component Parameters (meter)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,7) = strpad('r_a0 in component Parameters (meter)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,8) = strpad('h_a0 in component Parameters (meter)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,9) = strpad('sigma_ae0 in component Parameters (mmHg)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,10) = strpad('K_a_sigma in component Parameters (dimensionless)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,11) = strpad('sigma_ac in component Parameters (mmHg)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,12) = strpad('T_a_max0 in component Parameters (mmHg_m)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,13) = strpad('r_am in component Parameters (meter)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,14) = strpad('r_at in component Parameters (meter)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,15) = strpad('n_am in component Parameters (dimensionless)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,16) = strpad('Eta_a in component Parameters (mmHg_sec)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,17) = strpad('Q_bl in component Parameters (cubic_m_per_sec)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,18) = strpad('P_ic in component Parameters (mmHg)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,19) = strpad('R_v in component Parameters (mmHg_sec_per_cubic_m)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,20) = strpad('C_v in component Parameters (cubic_m_per_mmHg)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,21) = strpad('P_ai in component Parameters (mmHg)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,22) = strpad('T_myo0 in component Parameters (mmHg_m)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,23) = strpad('T_myo_s in component Parameters (mmHg_m)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,24) = strpad('Tau_myo in component Parameters (second)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,25) = strpad('Tau_shear in component Parameters (second)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,26) = strpad('G_myo in component Parameters (dimensionless)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,27) = strpad('G_shear in component Parameters (dimensionless)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,28) = strpad('G_neuro in component Parameters (dimensionless)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,29) = strpad('G_meta in component Parameters (dimensionless)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,30) = strpad('x_ini in component Parameters (dimensionless)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,31) = strpad('Tau_neuro in component Parameters (second)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,32) = strpad('Tau_meta in component Parameters (second)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,33) = strpad('conc_CO2_a in component Parameters (mol_per_m3)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,34) = strpad('M_CO2_0 in component Parameters (mol_per_sec)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,35) = strpad('alpha_tv in component Parameters (dimensionless)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,36) = strpad('beta_tv in component Parameters (mol_per_m3)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,37) = strpad('vol_PVC in component Parameters (cubic_m)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,38) = strpad('K_shear in component Parameters (second)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,39) = strpad('K_Ra in component Parameters (mmHg_sec_m)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,40) = strpad('conc_CO2_t_sp in component Parameters (mol_per_m3)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,41) = strpad('f_Q in component Parameters (dimensionless)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,42) = strpad('n_QM in component Parameters (dimensionless)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,43) = strpad('K_Va in component Parameters (meter)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,44) = strpad('P_vo in component Parameters (mmHg)'); LEGEND_STATES(:,1) = strpad('Q_Lp in component PCA (cubic_m_per_sec)'); LEGEND_STATES(:,2) = strpad('P_p in component PCA (mmHg)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,47) = strpad('C_p in component PCA_Components (cubic_m_per_mmHg)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,48) = strpad('L_p in component PCA_Components (mmHg_sec2_per_m3)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,49) = strpad('R_p in component PCA_Components (mmHg_sec_per_cubic_m)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,1) = strpad('R_a in component AC_Components (mmHg_sec_per_cubic_m)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,12) = strpad('P_a in component Arteriolar_Circulation (mmHg)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,3) = strpad('C_a in component AC_Components (cubic_m_per_mmHg)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,14) = strpad('Q_a in component AC_Flow (cubic_m_per_sec)'); LEGEND_STATES(:,3) = strpad('P_v in component Venous_Circulation (mmHg)'); LEGEND_STATES(:,4) = strpad('r_a in component Arteriolar_Circulation (meter)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,5) = strpad('T_ae in component AC_Tension (mmHg_m)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,9) = strpad('T_am in component AC_Tension (mmHg_m)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,10) = strpad('T_av in component AC_Tension (mmHg_m)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,11) = strpad('T_a in component AC_Tension (mmHg_m)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,4) = strpad('h_a in component AC_Tension_Variables (meter)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,8) = strpad('T_a_max in component AC_Tension_Variables (mmHg_m)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,7) = strpad('M_s in component CBF_Regulation (dimensionless)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,6) = strpad('M_s1 in component CBF_Regulation (dimensionless)'); LEGEND_STATES(:,5) = strpad('x_myo in component Myo_Regulation (dimensionless)'); LEGEND_STATES(:,6) = strpad('x_shear in component Shear_Regulation (dimensionless)'); LEGEND_STATES(:,7) = strpad('x_neuro in component Neuro_Regulation (dimensionless)'); LEGEND_STATES(:,8) = strpad('x_meta in component Meta_Regulation (dimensionless)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,13) = strpad('A_myo in component Myo_Regulation (dimensionless)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,15) = strpad('A_shear in component Shear_Regulation (dimensionless)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,16) = strpad('A_neuro in component Neuro_Regulation (dimensionless)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,2) = strpad('A_Meta in component Meta_Regulation (dimensionless)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,45) = strpad('G_a_Meta in component Meta_Regulation (m3_per_mol)'); LEGEND_STATES(:,9) = strpad('conc_CO2_t in component Meta_CO2_Kinetics (mol_per_m3)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,17) = strpad('conc_CO2_v in component Meta_CO2_Kinetics (mol_per_m3)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,18) = strpad('M_CO2 in component VC_Meta_Stim (mol_per_sec)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,46) = strpad('unity in component VC_Meta_Stim (dimensionless)'); LEGEND_RATES(:,2) = strpad('d/dt P_p in component PCA (mmHg)'); LEGEND_RATES(:,1) = strpad('d/dt Q_Lp in component PCA (cubic_m_per_sec)'); LEGEND_RATES(:,4) = strpad('d/dt r_a in component Arteriolar_Circulation (meter)'); LEGEND_RATES(:,3) = strpad('d/dt P_v in component Venous_Circulation (mmHg)'); LEGEND_RATES(:,5) = strpad('d/dt x_myo in component Myo_Regulation (dimensionless)'); LEGEND_RATES(:,6) = strpad('d/dt x_shear in component Shear_Regulation (dimensionless)'); LEGEND_RATES(:,7) = strpad('d/dt x_neuro in component Neuro_Regulation (dimensionless)'); LEGEND_RATES(:,8) = strpad('d/dt x_meta in component Meta_Regulation (dimensionless)'); LEGEND_RATES(:,9) = strpad('d/dt conc_CO2_t in component Meta_CO2_Kinetics (mol_per_m3)'); LEGEND_STATES = LEGEND_STATES'; LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC = LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC'; LEGEND_RATES = LEGEND_RATES'; LEGEND_CONSTANTS = LEGEND_CONSTANTS'; end function [STATES, CONSTANTS] = initConsts() VOI = 0; CONSTANTS = []; STATES = []; ALGEBRAIC = []; CONSTANTS(:,1) = 3E-5; CONSTANTS(:,2) = 1.05E6; CONSTANTS(:,3) = 12E3; CONSTANTS(:,4) = 1.05E-3; CONSTANTS(:,5) = 8.6E-2; CONSTANTS(:,6) = 2.6E-4; CONSTANTS(:,7) = 7.5E-5; CONSTANTS(:,8) = 2.5E-5; CONSTANTS(:,9) = 11.19; CONSTANTS(:,10) = 4.5; CONSTANTS(:,11) = 41.32; CONSTANTS(:,12) = 1.50E-2; CONSTANTS(:,13) = 1.28E-4; CONSTANTS(:,14) = 1.74E-4; CONSTANTS(:,15) = 1.75; CONSTANTS(:,16) = 47.8; CONSTANTS(:,17) = 8.8E-7; CONSTANTS(:,18) = 10; CONSTANTS(:,19) = 1.6E7; CONSTANTS(:,20) = 2.5E-8; CONSTANTS(:,21) = 96.0; CONSTANTS(:,22) = 3.6E-3; CONSTANTS(:,23) = 3E-3; CONSTANTS(:,24) = 7; CONSTANTS(:,25) = 60; CONSTANTS(:,26) = 4; CONSTANTS(:,27) = 0; CONSTANTS(:,28) = -0.7; CONSTANTS(:,29) = 0; CONSTANTS(:,30) = 0; CONSTANTS(:,31) = 5; CONSTANTS(:,32) = 15; CONSTANTS(:,33) = 20.65; CONSTANTS(:,34) = 1.35E-7; CONSTANTS(:,35) = 0.96; CONSTANTS(:,36) = 8.9; CONSTANTS(:,37) = 5.99E-6; CONSTANTS(:,38) = 5.2E-7; CONSTANTS(:,39) = 2.5E-9; CONSTANTS(:,40) = 12.41; CONSTANTS(:,41) = 1.25; CONSTANTS(:,42) = 2.2; CONSTANTS(:,43) = 120; CONSTANTS(:,44) = 14; STATES(:,1) = 8.8E-7; STATES(:,2) = 91; STATES(:,3) = 21; STATES(:,4) = 7.7E-5; STATES(:,5) = 0; STATES(:,6) = 0; STATES(:,7) = 0; STATES(:,8) = 0; CONSTANTS(:,45) = 0.59; STATES(:,9) = 12.41; CONSTANTS(:,46) = 1; CONSTANTS(:,47) = (( 3.00000.* pi.*power(CONSTANTS(:,4), 2.00000).*power(CONSTANTS(:,4)./CONSTANTS(:,6)+1.00000, 2.00000))./( CONSTANTS(:,3).*(( 2.00000.*CONSTANTS(:,4))./CONSTANTS(:,6)+1.00000))).*CONSTANTS(:,5); CONSTANTS(:,48) = (CONSTANTS(:,2)./( pi.*power(CONSTANTS(:,4), 2.00000))).*CONSTANTS(:,5).*7.50000e-06; CONSTANTS(:,49) = (( 8.00000.*CONSTANTS(:,1))./( pi.*power(CONSTANTS(:,4), 4.00000))).*CONSTANTS(:,5); if (isempty(STATES)), warning('Initial values for states not set');, end end function [RATES, ALGEBRAIC] = computeRates(VOI, STATES, CONSTANTS) global algebraicVariableCount; statesSize = size(STATES); statesColumnCount = statesSize(2); if ( statesColumnCount == 1) STATES = STATES'; ALGEBRAIC = zeros(1, algebraicVariableCount); utilOnes = 1; else statesRowCount = statesSize(1); ALGEBRAIC = zeros(statesRowCount, algebraicVariableCount); RATES = zeros(statesRowCount, statesColumnCount); utilOnes = ones(statesRowCount, 1); end RATES(:,1) = ((CONSTANTS(:,21) - STATES(:,2)) - STATES(:,1).*CONSTANTS(:,49))./CONSTANTS(:,48); ALGEBRAIC(:,2) = CONSTANTS(:,45).*(STATES(:,9) - CONSTANTS(:,40)); RATES(:,8) = (ALGEBRAIC(:,2) - STATES(:,8))./CONSTANTS(:,32); ALGEBRAIC(:,1) = CONSTANTS(:,39)./power(STATES(:,4), 4.00000); ALGEBRAIC(:,4) = power((power(STATES(:,4), 2.00000)+ 2.00000.*CONSTANTS(:,7).*CONSTANTS(:,8)+power(CONSTANTS(:,8), 2.00000)), 1.0 ./ 2) - STATES(:,4); ALGEBRAIC(:,5) = ALGEBRAIC(:,4).*( CONSTANTS(:,9).*(exp(( CONSTANTS(:,10).*(STATES(:,4) - CONSTANTS(:,7)))./CONSTANTS(:,7)) - 1.00000) - CONSTANTS(:,11)); ALGEBRAIC(:,6) = CONSTANTS(:,26).*STATES(:,5)+ CONSTANTS(:,27).*STATES(:,6)+ CONSTANTS(:,28).*STATES(:,7)+ CONSTANTS(:,29).*STATES(:,8)+CONSTANTS(:,30); ALGEBRAIC(:,7) = (exp( 2.00000.*ALGEBRAIC(:,6)) - 1.00000)./(exp( 2.00000.*ALGEBRAIC(:,6))+1.00000); ALGEBRAIC(:,8) = CONSTANTS(:,12).*(1.00000+ALGEBRAIC(:,7)); ALGEBRAIC(:,9) = ALGEBRAIC(:,8).*exp( - power(abs((STATES(:,4) - CONSTANTS(:,13))./(CONSTANTS(:,14) - CONSTANTS(:,13))), CONSTANTS(:,15))); RATES(:,4) = ( CONSTANTS(:,7).*(( STATES(:,2).*(ALGEBRAIC(:,1)+CONSTANTS(:,19)).*STATES(:,4)+ STATES(:,3).*ALGEBRAIC(:,1).*STATES(:,4)) - (ALGEBRAIC(:,5)+ALGEBRAIC(:,9)+ CONSTANTS(:,18).*(STATES(:,4)+ALGEBRAIC(:,4))).*( 2.00000.*ALGEBRAIC(:,1)+CONSTANTS(:,19))))./( CONSTANTS(:,7).*power(STATES(:,4), 2.00000).*CONSTANTS(:,43).*ALGEBRAIC(:,1).*(ALGEBRAIC(:,1)+CONSTANTS(:,19))+ CONSTANTS(:,16).*ALGEBRAIC(:,4).*( 2.00000.*ALGEBRAIC(:,1)+CONSTANTS(:,19))); ALGEBRAIC(:,10) = (CONSTANTS(:,16)./CONSTANTS(:,7)).*RATES(:,4).*ALGEBRAIC(:,4); ALGEBRAIC(:,11) = ALGEBRAIC(:,5)+ALGEBRAIC(:,9)+ALGEBRAIC(:,10); ALGEBRAIC(:,12) = (ALGEBRAIC(:,11)+ CONSTANTS(:,18).*(STATES(:,4)+ALGEBRAIC(:,4)))./STATES(:,4); RATES(:,2) = ( 2.00000.*(( STATES(:,1).*ALGEBRAIC(:,1) - 2.00000.*STATES(:,2))+ 2.00000.*ALGEBRAIC(:,12)))./( ALGEBRAIC(:,1).*CONSTANTS(:,47)); RATES(:,3) = (2.00000./CONSTANTS(:,20)).*((ALGEBRAIC(:,12) - STATES(:,3))./(ALGEBRAIC(:,1)+CONSTANTS(:,19)) - (STATES(:,3) - CONSTANTS(:,44))./CONSTANTS(:,19)); ALGEBRAIC(:,13) = (ALGEBRAIC(:,11) - CONSTANTS(:,22))./CONSTANTS(:,23); RATES(:,5) = (ALGEBRAIC(:,13) - STATES(:,5))./CONSTANTS(:,24); ALGEBRAIC(:,14) = ( 2.00000.*(ALGEBRAIC(:,12) - STATES(:,3)))./(ALGEBRAIC(:,1)+CONSTANTS(:,19)); ALGEBRAIC(:,15) = ( CONSTANTS(:,38).*ALGEBRAIC(:,14))./power(STATES(:,4), 3.00000) - 1.00000; RATES(:,6) = (ALGEBRAIC(:,15) - STATES(:,6))./CONSTANTS(:,25); ALGEBRAIC(:,16) = piecewise({VOI>=1.00000, 1.00000 }, 0.00000); RATES(:,7) = (ALGEBRAIC(:,16) - STATES(:,7))./CONSTANTS(:,31); ALGEBRAIC(:,17) = CONSTANTS(:,35).*STATES(:,9)+CONSTANTS(:,36); ALGEBRAIC(:,18) = CONSTANTS(:,34).*(CONSTANTS(:,46)+ ALGEBRAIC(:,16).*((CONSTANTS(:,41) - CONSTANTS(:,46))./CONSTANTS(:,42))); RATES(:,9) = (1.00000./CONSTANTS(:,37)).*(ALGEBRAIC(:,18) - ALGEBRAIC(:,14).*(ALGEBRAIC(:,17) - CONSTANTS(:,33))); RATES = RATES'; end % Calculate algebraic variables function ALGEBRAIC = computeAlgebraic(ALGEBRAIC, CONSTANTS, STATES, VOI) statesSize = size(STATES); statesColumnCount = statesSize(2); if ( statesColumnCount == 1) STATES = STATES'; utilOnes = 1; else statesRowCount = statesSize(1); utilOnes = ones(statesRowCount, 1); end ALGEBRAIC(:,2) = CONSTANTS(:,45).*(STATES(:,9) - CONSTANTS(:,40)); ALGEBRAIC(:,1) = CONSTANTS(:,39)./power(STATES(:,4), 4.00000); ALGEBRAIC(:,4) = power((power(STATES(:,4), 2.00000)+ 2.00000.*CONSTANTS(:,7).*CONSTANTS(:,8)+power(CONSTANTS(:,8), 2.00000)), 1.0 ./ 2) - STATES(:,4); ALGEBRAIC(:,5) = ALGEBRAIC(:,4).*( CONSTANTS(:,9).*(exp(( CONSTANTS(:,10).*(STATES(:,4) - CONSTANTS(:,7)))./CONSTANTS(:,7)) - 1.00000) - CONSTANTS(:,11)); ALGEBRAIC(:,6) = CONSTANTS(:,26).*STATES(:,5)+ CONSTANTS(:,27).*STATES(:,6)+ CONSTANTS(:,28).*STATES(:,7)+ CONSTANTS(:,29).*STATES(:,8)+CONSTANTS(:,30); ALGEBRAIC(:,7) = (exp( 2.00000.*ALGEBRAIC(:,6)) - 1.00000)./(exp( 2.00000.*ALGEBRAIC(:,6))+1.00000); ALGEBRAIC(:,8) = CONSTANTS(:,12).*(1.00000+ALGEBRAIC(:,7)); ALGEBRAIC(:,9) = ALGEBRAIC(:,8).*exp( - power(abs((STATES(:,4) - CONSTANTS(:,13))./(CONSTANTS(:,14) - CONSTANTS(:,13))), CONSTANTS(:,15))); ALGEBRAIC(:,10) = (CONSTANTS(:,16)./CONSTANTS(:,7)).*RATES(:,4).*ALGEBRAIC(:,4); ALGEBRAIC(:,11) = ALGEBRAIC(:,5)+ALGEBRAIC(:,9)+ALGEBRAIC(:,10); ALGEBRAIC(:,12) = (ALGEBRAIC(:,11)+ CONSTANTS(:,18).*(STATES(:,4)+ALGEBRAIC(:,4)))./STATES(:,4); ALGEBRAIC(:,13) = (ALGEBRAIC(:,11) - CONSTANTS(:,22))./CONSTANTS(:,23); ALGEBRAIC(:,14) = ( 2.00000.*(ALGEBRAIC(:,12) - STATES(:,3)))./(ALGEBRAIC(:,1)+CONSTANTS(:,19)); ALGEBRAIC(:,15) = ( CONSTANTS(:,38).*ALGEBRAIC(:,14))./power(STATES(:,4), 3.00000) - 1.00000; ALGEBRAIC(:,16) = piecewise({VOI>=1.00000, 1.00000 }, 0.00000); ALGEBRAIC(:,17) = CONSTANTS(:,35).*STATES(:,9)+CONSTANTS(:,36); ALGEBRAIC(:,18) = CONSTANTS(:,34).*(CONSTANTS(:,46)+ ALGEBRAIC(:,16).*((CONSTANTS(:,41) - CONSTANTS(:,46))./CONSTANTS(:,42))); ALGEBRAIC(:,3) = 1.03120./ALGEBRAIC(:,1); end % Compute result of a piecewise function function x = piecewise(cases, default) set = [0]; for i = 1:2:length(cases) if (length(cases{i+1}) == 1) x(cases{i} & ~set,:) = cases{i+1}; else x(cases{i} & ~set,:) = cases{i+1}(cases{i} & ~set); end set = set | cases{i}; if(set), break, end end if (length(default) == 1) x(~set,:) = default; else x(~set,:) = default(~set); end end % Pad out or shorten strings to a set length function strout = strpad(strin) req_length = 160; insize = size(strin,2); if insize > req_length strout = strin(1:req_length); else strout = [strin, blanks(req_length - insize)]; end end